药物遗传学研究遗传性 DNA 变异如何改变药物的药代动力学,较少情况下也涉及药效动力学。在抑郁症治疗中,临床上最成熟的应用集中于若干基因-药物组合,其中基因型有助于预测代谢酶活性,尤其是 CYP2D6、CYP2C19,以及对部分药物而言的 CYP2B6。因此,检测结果可帮助解释异常血药浓度、不良反应或过低/过高药物暴露,并可指导某些抗抑郁药的选择或剂量调整。但它并不能提前、确定性地识别哪一种抗抑郁药会使某个具体患者达到缓解。
最知名的临床试验主要评估组合型面板。在 GUIDED 试验中,指导组在症状平均改善这一主要终点上并未显著优于对照,而包括反应和缓解在内的部分次要终点倾向于指导组;后续分析提示,基线时使用预计存在基因-药物相互作用药物的患者可能获益更明显,但这些分析需要考虑其事后分析性质。实用性 PRIME Care 试验在美国退伍军人事务系统开展,检测减少了预计存在基因-药物相互作用药物的处方;整个观察期内缓解方面的优势较小,并且在 24 周最终评估时未持续存在。
随机试验的荟萃分析通常报告,在某些时间区间反应或缓解概率有小幅提高,但不同平台、算法、人群和研究设计之间存在异质性。部分分析在 8 至 12 周显示更明显信号,而在很早或更晚评估时并不明显。此外,相当一部分文献使用特定商业面板开展,不能假定一种算法的结果可直接推广到另一种算法。因此,现有证据支持的是选择性的临床实用性,而不是用 DNA 决定药物选择来取代基于指南的治疗。
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