既往发生过心脏骤停或持续性室性心动过速,是最明确的情况:此时再次发生严重心律失常的风险足够高,因此植入式除颤器属于二级预防策略。
在一级预防中,也就是在尚未发生过严重事件之前,决策更加复杂。近期发生且怀疑由心律失常导致的晕厥、家族中有可归因于肥厚型心肌病的猝死,以及非常明显的心肌肥厚,传统上都被视为重要因素。美国指南中,左心室最大壁厚约30 mm 或以上被认为是重要的风险标志物。
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